Volume Interactions for Connected Playback Devices

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems are provided for volume interactions for connected playback devices. In an example implementation, a first playback device applies a state variable update associated with a group of playback devices comprising the first playback device and one or more second playback devices. The state variable update indicates a limited volume range associated with the first playback device. The first playback device renders audio content in synchrony with the one or more second playback devices. Rendering the audio content involves a subwoofer speaker of the first playback device rendering a bass frequency component of the audio content. The first playback device receives input data indicating a group volume adjustment for the group of playback devices and adjusting a playback volume of the first playback device based on the group volume adjustment and the limited volume range.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. non-provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 15/954,351, filed on Apr. 16, 2018, entitled“Volume Interactions for Connected Subwoofer Device,” which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. U.S. non-provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 15/954,351 is a continuation of U.S.non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/248,342, filed on Aug.26, 2016, entitled “Volume Interactions for Connected Playback Devices,”and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,948,258, which is also incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety. U.S. non-provisional patent applicationSer. No. 15/248,342 is a continuation of U.S. non-provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 14/808,923, filed on Jul. 24, 2015, entitled“Volume Interactions for Connected Playback Devices,” and issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,455,679, which is also incorporated herein by reference inits entirety. U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No 14/808,923is a continuation of U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No.14/634,365, filed on Feb. 27, 2015, entitled “Volume Interactions forConnected Playback Devices,” and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,683,which is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. U.S.non-provisional patent application Ser. No 14/634,365 is a continuationof U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No 13/564,541, filed onAug. 1, 2012, entitled “Volume Interactions for Connected PlaybackDevices,” and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,995,687, which is alsoincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, tosystems, products, features, services, and other items directed to mediaplayback or some aspect thereof.

BACKGROUND

Listening to audio content out loud can be a social activity thatinvolves family, friends, or both. Audio content may include, forinstance, music, talk radio, books, audio from television, and otheraudible material. For example, in a household, people may play music outloud at parties and other social gatherings. In such an environment,people may wish to play the music in one listening zone or multiplelistening zones simultaneously, such that the music in each listeningzone may be synchronized, without audible echoes or glitches. Such anexperience may be further enriched when people, for example, browseaudio sources, add a music track to a playback queue, learn more about amusic track (such as track title or track artists), or view what musictrack is next in the playback queue.

Listening to audio can also be an individual experience. For example, anindividual may play music for themselves in the morning before work, inthe evening during dinner, or at other times throughout the day at home,work, or on the road. In a household or shared environment, individualsmay want to play different music in different listening zones at thesame time. For these individual experiences, the individual may chooseto either use headphones or limit the out loud playback of audio contentto a single zone or area.

Whether an audio experience is social or individual, technologicaladvancements have increased the accessibility of music content, as wellas other types of media, such as television content, movies, andinteractive content. For example, a user can access audio, video, orboth audio and video content over the Internet through an online store,an Internet radio station, a music service, a movie service, and so on,in addition to the more traditional avenues of accessing audio and videocontent. Demand for audio, video, and both audio and video contentinside and outside of the home continues to increase.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technologyare better understood with regard to the following description, appendedclaims, and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 shows an example configuration in which certain embodiments maybe practiced;

FIG. 2A shows an illustration of an example zone player having abuilt-in amplifier and speakers;

FIG. 2B shows an illustration of an example zone player having abuilt-in amplifier and connected to external speakers;

FIG. 2C shows an illustration of an example zone player connected to anA/V receiver and speakers;

FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an example controller;

FIG. 4 shows an internal functional block diagram of an example zoneplayer;

FIG. 5 shows an internal functional block diagram of an examplecontroller;

FIG. 6 shows an example ad-hoc playback network;

FIG. 7 shows a system including a plurality of networks including acloud-based network and at least one local playback network;

FIG. 8A shows an illustrative flow-chart for a first example method forvolume interactions with a zone player;

FIG. 8B shows an illustrative flow-chart for a second example method forvolume interactions with a zone player;

FIG. 9A shows an illustrative first view of a user interface for volumeinteractions with zone players; and

FIG. 9B shows an illustrative second view of a user interface for volumeinteractions with zone players.

In addition, the drawings are for the purpose of illustrating exampleembodiments, but it is understood that the inventions are not limited tothe arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

-   I. Overview

In the present application, methods and systems are provided foroffering a unique wired, wireless, or both wired and wireless audiosolution that allows music, or other audio content of any kind, to beplayed in a single listening zone or across multiple listening zonessimultaneously and in synchrony. The audio content may be played outloud or using headphones, for example. The system may include audioplayers, often referred to as zone players or players, and controllers,which also might be a player. Controllers can be instantiated in manyforms, including, for example, dedicated audio controllers orapplications on computers or portable/mobile devices. One or morecontrollers may be used to control the system, including browsing andselecting audio for playback, viewing and editing audio in the one ormore play queues, grouping and ungrouping zone players into one or morelistening zones, increasing or decreasing the volume of the players orgroup of players, etc. In general, the system may operate as adistributed system where each controller has full control over theentire system, and each player has the ability to play a different audiosource or the same audio source as another player.

In a shared environment where multiple controllers can control andconfigure multiple players dynamically, control access of the system maybe limited or otherwise restricted according to system permissions,preferences, etc., set by default, by owner, and so on. In certainembodiments, limited user access may apply restrictions on an entiremedia playback system, a single listening zone, and/or a listening zonegroup. In some example embodiments, limited user access may includerestricting volume control in certain specified listening zones and/orzone groups. In another example embodiment, limited user access mayinclude restricting volume control for a fixed time interval, during aparticular time-of-day, and/or on a recurring basis.

In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may involve applying astate variable update associated with a first playback device in aplurality of playback devices. The state variable update may indicate alimited volume range associated with the first playback device. Themethod may further involve causing the plurality of playback devices torender audio content in synchrony, receiving input data indicating agroup volume adjustment for the plurality of playback devices, andcausing a playback volume of the first playback device to be adjustedbased on the group volume adjustment and the limited volume range.

In another aspect a system including a plurality of playback devices anda processor is provided. The processor may be configured to executeinstructions for applying a state variable update associated with afirst playback device in the plurality of playback devices. The statevariable update may indicate a limited volume range associated with thefirst playback device. The processor may further be configured toexecute instructions for causing the plurality of playback devices torender audio content in synchrony, receiving input data indicating agroup volume adjustment for the plurality of playback devices, andcausing a playback volume of the first playback device to be adjustedbased on the group volume adjustment and the limited volume range.

In a further aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium isprovided. The computer-readable medium has instructions stored thereonexecutable by a computing device to cause the computing device toperform functions involving applying a state variable update associatedwith a first playback device in a plurality of playback devices. Thestate variable update may indicate a limited volume range associatedwith the first playback device. The instructions may further cause thecomputing device to perform functions involving causing the plurality ofplayback devices to render audio content in synchrony, receiving inputdata indicating a group volume adjustment for the plurality of playbackdevices, and causing a playback volume of the first playback device tobe adjusted based on the group volume adjustment and the limited volumerange.

-   II. An Example Operating Environment

Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals can refer to likeparts throughout the figures, FIG. 1 shows an example systemconfiguration 100 in which one or more embodiments disclosed herein canbe practiced or implemented.

By way of illustration, the system configuration 100 represents a homewith multiple zones, though the home could have been configured withonly one zone. Each zone, for example, may represent a different room orspace, such as an office, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room,family room, home theater room, utility or laundry room, and patio. Asingle zone might also include multiple rooms or spaces if soconfigured. One or more of zone players 102-124 are shown in eachrespective zone. A zone player 102-124, also referred to as a playbackdevice, multimedia unit, speaker, player, and so on, provides audio,video, and/or audiovisual output. A controller 130 (e.g., shown in thekitchen for purposes of illustration) provides control to the systemconfiguration 100. Controller 130 may be fixed to a zone, oralternatively, mobile such that it can be moved about the zones. Systemconfiguration! 100 may also include more than one controller 130. Thesystem configuration 100 illustrates an example whole house audiosystem, though it is understood that the technology described herein isnot limited to its particular place of application or to an expansivesystem like a whole house audio system 100 of FIG. 1.

a. Example Zone Players

FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C show example types of zone players. Zone players200, 202, and 204 of FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, respectively, can correspondto any of the zone players 102-124 of FIG. 1, for example. In someembodiments, audio is reproduced using only a single zone player, suchas by a full-range player. In some embodiments, audio is reproducedusing two or more zone players, such as by using a combination offull-range players or a combination of full-range and specializedplayers. In some embodiments, zone players 200-204 may also be referredto as a “smart speaker,” because they contain processing capabilitiesbeyond the reproduction of audio, more of which is described below.

FIG. 2A illustrates zone player 200 that includes sound producingequipment 208 capable of reproducing full-range sound. The sound maycome from an audio signal that is received and processed by zone player200 over a wired or wireless data network. Sound producing equipment 208includes one or more built-in amplifiers and one or more speakers. Abuilt-in amplifier is described more below with respect to FIG. 4. Aspeaker or acoustic transducer can include, for example, any of atweeter, a mid-range driver, a low-range driver, and a subwoofer. Insome embodiments, zone player 200 can be statically or dynamicallyconfigured to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, or both. In someembodiments, zone player 200 is configured to reproduce a subset offull-range sound, such as when zone player 200 is grouped with otherzone players to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, and/or surroundaudio or when the audio content received by zone player 200 is less thanfull-range.

FIG. 2B illustrates zone player 202 that includes a built-in amplifierto power a set of detached speakers 210. A detached speaker can include,for example, any type of loudspeaker. Zone player 202 may be configuredto power one, two, or more separate loudspeakers. Zone player 202 may beconfigured to communicate an audio signal (e.g., right and left channelaudio or more channels depending on its configuration) to the detachedspeakers 210 via a wired path.

FIG. 2C illustrates zone player 204 that does not include a built-inamplifier, but is configured to communicate an audio signal, receivedover a data network, to an audio (or “audio/video”) receiver 214 withbuilt-in amplification.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, one, some, or all of thezone players 102 to 124 can retrieve audio directly from a source. Forexample, a zone player may contain a playlist or queue of audio items tobe played (also referred to herein as a “playback queue”). Each item inthe queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI) or some otheridentifier. The URI or identifier can point the zone player to the audiosource. The source might be found on the Internet (e.g., the cloud),locally from another device over data network 128 (described furtherbelow), from the controller 130, stored on the zone player itself, orfrom an audio source communicating directly to the zone player. In someembodiments, the zone player can reproduce the audio itself, send it toanother zone player for reproduction, or both where the audio is playedby the zone player and one or more additional zone players in synchrony.In some embodiments, the zone player can play a first audio content (ornot play at all), while sending a second, different audio content toanother zone player(s) for reproduction.

By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. presentlyoffers for sale zone players referred to as a “PLAY:5,” “PLAY:3,”“CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any other past, present, and/orfuture zone players can additionally or alternatively be used toimplement the zone players of example embodiments disclosed herein.Additionally, it is understood that a zone player is not limited to theparticular examples illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C or to the SONOSproduct offerings. For example, a zone player may include a wired orwireless headphone. In yet another example, a zone player might includea sound bar for television. In yet another example, a zone player caninclude or interact with a docking station for an Apple IPOD™ or similardevice.

b. Example Controllers

FIG. 3 illustrates an example wireless controller 300 in docking station302. By way of illustration, controller 300 can correspond tocontrolling device 130 of FIG. 1. Docking station 302, if provided, maybe used to charge a battery of controller 300. In some embodiments,controller 300 is provided with a touch screen 304 that allows a user tointeract through touch with the controller 300, for example, to retrieveand navigate a playlist of audio items, control operations of one ormore zone players, and provide overall control of the systemconfiguration 100. In certain embodiments, any number of controllers canbe used to control the system configuration 100. In some embodiments,there can be a limit set on the number of controllers that can controlthe system configuration 100. The controllers might be wireless likewireless controller 300 or wired to data network 128.

In some embodiments, if more than one controller is used in system 100,then each controller may be coordinated to display common content, andmay all be dynamically updated to indicate changes made from a singlecontroller. Coordination can occur, for instance, by a controllerperiodically requesting a state variable directly or indirectly from oneor more zone players; the state variable may provide information aboutsystem 100, such as current zone group configuration, what is playing inone or more zones, volume levels, and other items of interest. The statevariable may be passed around on data network 128 between zone players(and controllers, if so desired) as needed or as often as programmed.

In addition, an application running on any network-enabled portabledevice, such as an IPHONE™, IPAD™, ANDROID™ powered phone, or any othersmart phone or network-enabled device can be used as controller 130. Anapplication running on a laptop or desktop personal computer (PC) orMac™ can also be used as controller 130. Such controllers may connect tosystem 100 through an interface with data network 128, a zone player, awireless router, or using some other configured connection path. Examplecontrollers offered by Sonos, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. include a“Controller 200,” “SONOS® CONTROL,” “SONOS® Controller for IPHONE™,”“SONOS® Controller for IPAD™,” “SONOS® Controller for ANDROID™,” “SONOS®Controller for MAC™ or PC.”

c. Example Data Connection

Zone players 102 to 124 of FIG. 1 are coupled directly or indirectly toa data network, such as data network 128. Controller 130 may also becoupled directly or indirectly to data network 128 or individual zoneplayers. Data network 128 is represented by an octagon in the figure tostand out from other representative components. While data network 128is shown in a single location, it is understood that such a network isdistributed in and around system 100. Particularly, data network 128 canbe a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination of both wiredand wireless networks. In some embodiments, one or more of the zoneplayers 102-124 are wirelessly coupled to data network 128 based on aproprietary mesh network. In some embodiments, one or more of the zoneplayers 102-124 are wirelessly coupled to data network 128 using anon-mesh topology. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players102-124 are coupled via a wire to data network 128 using Ethernet orsimilar technology. In addition to the one or more zone players 102-124connecting to data network 128, data network 128 can further allowaccess to a wide area network, such as the Internet.

In some embodiments, connecting any of the zone players 102-124, or someother connecting device, to a broadband router, can create data network128. Other zone players 102-124 can then be added wired or wirelessly tothe data network 128. For example, a zone player (e.g., any of zoneplayers 102-124) can be added to the system configuration 100 by simplypressing a button on the zone player itself (or perform some otheraction), which enables a connection to be made to data network 128. Thebroadband router can be connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP),for example. The broadband router can be used to form another datanetwork within the system configuration 100, which can be used in otherapplications (e.g., web surfing). Data network 128 can also be used inother applications, if so programmed. An example, second network mayimplement SONOSNET™ protocol, developed by SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara.SONOSNET™ represents a secure, AES-encrypted, peer-to-peer wireless meshnetwork. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the data network 128 isthe same network, such as a traditional wired or wireless network, usedfor other applications in the household.

d. Example Zone Configurations

A particular zone can contain one or more zone players. For example, thefamily room of FIG. 1 contains two zone players 106 and 108, while thekitchen is shown with one zone player 102. In another example, the hometheater room contains additional zone players to play audio from a 5.1channel or greater audio source (e.g., a movie encoded with 5.1 orgreater audio channels). In some embodiments, one can position a zoneplayer in a room or space and assign the zone player to a new orexisting zone via controller 130. As such, zones may be created,combined with another zone, removed, and given a specific name (e.g.,“Kitchen”), if so desired and programmed to do so with controller 130.Moreover, in some embodiments, zone configurations may be dynamicallychanged even after being configured using controller 130 or some othermechanism.

In some embodiments, if a zone contains two or more zone players, suchas the two zone players 106 and 108 in the family room, then the twozone players 106 and 108 can be configured to play the same audio sourcein synchrony, or the two zone players 106 and 108 can be paired to playtwo separate sounds in left and right channels, for example. In otherwords, the stereo effects of a sound can be reproduced or enhancedthrough the two zone players 106 and 108, one for the left sound and theother for the right sound. In certain embodiments, paired zone players(also referred to as “bonded zone players”) can play audio in synchronywith other zone players in the same or different zones.

In some embodiments, two or more zone players can be sonicallyconsolidated to form a single, consolidated zone player. A consolidatedzone player (though made up of multiple, separate devices) can beconfigured to process and reproduce sound differently than anunconsolidated zone player or zone players that are paired, because aconsolidated zone player will have additional speaker drivers from whichsound can be passed. The consolidated zone player can further be pairedwith a single zone player or yet another consolidated zone player. Eachplayback device of a consolidated playback device can be set in aconsolidated mode, for example.

According to some embodiments, one can continue to do any of: group,consolidate, and pair zone players, for example, until a desiredconfiguration is complete. The actions of grouping, consolidation, andpairing are preferably performed through a control interface, such asusing controller 130, and not by physically connecting and re-connectingspeaker wire, for example, to individual, discrete speakers to createdifferent configurations. As such, certain embodiments described hereinprovide a more flexible and dynamic platform through which soundreproduction can be offered to the end-user.

e. Example Audio Sources

In some embodiments, each zone can play from the same audio source asanother zone or each zone can play from a different audio source. Forexample, someone can be grilling on the patio and listening to jazzmusic via zone player 124, while someone is preparing food in thekitchen and listening to classical music via zone player 102. Further,someone can be in the office listening to the same jazz music via zoneplayer 110 that is playing on the patio via zone player 124. In someembodiments, the jazz music played via zone players 110 and 124 isplayed in synchrony. Synchronizing playback amongst zones allows forsomeone to pass through zones while seamlessly (or substantiallyseamlessly) listening to the audio. Further, zones can be put into a“party mode” such that all associated zones will play audio insynchrony.

Sources of audio content to be played by zone players 102-124 arenumerous. In some embodiments, music on a zone player itself may beaccessed and played. In some embodiments, music from a personal librarystored on a computer or networked-attached storage (NAS) may be accessedvia the data network 128 and played. In some embodiments, Internet radiostations, shows, and podcasts can be accessed via the data network 128.Music or cloud services that let a user stream and/or download music andaudio content can be accessed via the data network 128. Further, musiccan be obtained from traditional sources, such as a turntable or CDplayer, via a line-in connection to a zone player, for example. Audiocontent can also be accessed using a different protocol, such asAIRPLAY™, which is a wireless technology by Apple, Inc., for example.Audio content received from one or more sources can be shared amongstthe zone players 102 to 124 via data network 128 and/or controller 130.The above-disclosed sources of audio content are referred to herein asnetwork-based audio information sources. However, network-based audioinformation sources are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the example home theater zone players 116, 118, 120are coupled to an audio information source such as a television 132. Insome examples, the television 132 is used as a source of audio for thehome theater zone players 116, 118, 120, while in other examples audioinformation from the television 132 can be shared with any of the zoneplayers 102-124 in the audio system 100.

-   II. Example Zone Players

Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown an example block diagram of azone player 400 in accordance with an embodiment. Zone player 400includes a network interface 402, a processor 408, a memory 410, anaudio processing component 412, one or more modules 414, an audioamplifier 416, and a speaker unit 418 coupled to the audio amplifier416. FIG. 2A shows an example illustration of such a zone player. Othertypes of zone players may not include the speaker unit 418 (e.g., suchas shown in FIG. 2B) or the audio amplifier 416 (e.g., such as shown inFIG. 2C). Further, it is contemplated that the zone player 400 can beintegrated into another component. For example, the zone player 400could be constructed as part of a television, lighting, or some otherdevice for indoor or outdoor use.

In some embodiments, network interface 402 facilitates a data flowbetween zone player 400 and other devices on a data network 128. In someembodiments, in addition to getting audio from another zone player ordevice on data network 128, zone player 400 may access audio directlyfrom the audio source, such as over a wide area network or on the localnetwork. In some embodiments, the network interface 402 can furtherhandle the address part of each packet so that it gets to the rightdestination or intercepts packets destined for the zone player 400.Accordingly, in certain embodiments, each of the packets includes anInternet Protocol (IP)-based source address as well as an IP-baseddestination address.

In some embodiments, network interface 402 can include one or both of awireless interface 404 and a wired interface 406. The wireless interface404, also referred to as a radio frequency (RF) interface, providesnetwork interface functions for the zone player 400 to wirelesslycommunicate with other devices (e.g., other zone player(s), speaker(s),receiver(s), component(s) associated with the data network 128, and soon) in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wirelessstandard including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, or 802.15).Wireless interface 404 may include one or more radios. To receivewireless signals and to provide the wireless signals to the wirelessinterface 404 and to transmit wireless signals, the zone player 400includes one or more antennas 420. The wired interface 406 providesnetwork interface functions for the zone player 400 to communicate overa wire with other devices in accordance with a communication protocol(e.g., IEEE 802.3). In some embodiments, a zone player includes multiplewireless 404 interfaces. In some embodiments, a zone player includesmultiple wired 406 interfaces. In some embodiments, a zone playerincludes both of the interfaces 404 and 406. In some embodiments, a zoneplayer 400 includes only the wireless interface 404 or the wiredinterface 406.

In some embodiments, the processor 408 is a clock-driven electronicdevice that is configured to process input data according toinstructions stored in memory 410. The memory 410 is data storage thatcan be loaded with one or more software module(s) 414, which can beexecuted by the processor 408 to achieve certain tasks. In theillustrated embodiment, the memory 410 is a tangible machine-readablemedium storing instructions that can be executed by the processor 408.In some embodiments, a task might be for the zone player 400 to retrieveaudio data from another zone player or a device on a network (e.g.,using a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier). Insome embodiments, a task may be for the zone player 400 to send audiodata to another zone player or device on a network. In some embodiments,a task may be for the zone player 400 to synchronize playback of audiowith one or more additional zone players. In some embodiments, a taskmay be to pair the zone player 400 with one or more zone players tocreate a multi-channel audio environment. Additional or alternativetasks can be achieved via the one or more software module(s) 414 and theprocessor 408.

The audio processing component 412 can include one or moredigital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, anaudio enhancement component or a digital signal processor, and so on. Insome embodiments, the audio processing component 412 may be part ofprocessor 408. In some embodiments, the audio that is retrieved via thenetwork interface 402 is processed and/or intentionally altered by theaudio processing component 412. Further, the audio processing component412 can produce analog audio signals. The processed analog audio signalsare then provided to the audio amplifier 416 for play back throughspeakers 418. In addition, the audio processing component 412 caninclude circuitry to process analog or digital signals as inputs to playfrom zone player 400, send to another zone player on a network, or bothplay and send to another zone player on the network. An example inputincludes a line-in connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audioline-in connection).

The audio amplifier 416 is a device(s) that amplifies audio signals to alevel for driving one or more speakers 418. The one or more speakers 418can include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”) or a completespeaker system that includes an enclosure including one or more drivers.A particular driver can be a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), amid-range driver (e.g., for middle frequencies), and a tweeter (e.g.,for high frequencies), for example. An enclosure can be sealed orported, for example. Each transducer may be driven by its own individualamplifier.

A commercial example, presently known as the PLAY:5, is a zone playerwith a built-in amplifier and speakers that is capable of retrievingaudio directly from the source, such as on the Internet or on the localnetwork, for example. In particular, the PLAY:5 is a five-amp,five-driver speaker system that includes two tweeters, two mid-rangedrivers, and one woofer. When playing audio content via the PLAY:5, theleft audio data of a track is sent out of the left tweeter and leftmid-range driver, the right audio data of a track is sent out of theright tweeter and the right mid-range driver, and mono bass is sent outof the subwoofer. Further, both mid-range drivers and both tweeters havethe same equalization (or substantially the same equalization). That is,they are both sent the same frequencies but from different channels ofaudio. Audio from Internet radio stations, online music and videoservices, downloaded music, analog audio inputs, television, DVD, and soon, can be played from the PLAY:5.

-   IV. Example Controller

Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown an example block diagram forcontroller 500, which can correspond to the controlling device 130 inFIG. 1. Controller 500 can be used to facilitate the control ofmulti-media applications, automation and others in a system. Inparticular, the controller 500 may be configured to facilitate aselection of a plurality of audio sources available on the network andenable control of one or more zone players (e.g., the zone players102-124 in FIG. 1) through a wireless or wired network interface 508.According to one embodiment, the wireless communications is based on anindustry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wireless standards includingIEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.15, and so on). Further,when a particular audio is being accessed via the controller 500 orbeing played via a zone player, a picture (e.g., album art) or any otherdata, associated with the audio and/or audio source can be transmittedfrom a zone player or other electronic device to controller 500 fordisplay.

Controller 500 is provided with a screen 502 and an input interface 514that allows a user to interact with the controller 500, for example, tonavigate a playlist of many multimedia items and to control operationsof one or more zone players. The screen 502 on the controller 500 can bean LCD screen, for example. The screen 500 communicates with and iscommanded by a screen driver 504 that is controlled by a microcontroller(e.g., a processor) 506. The memory 510 can be loaded with one or moreapplication modules 512 that can be executed by the microcontroller 506with or without a user input via the user interface 514 to achievecertain tasks. In some embodiments, an application module 512 isconfigured to facilitate grouping a number of selected zone players intoa zone group and synchronizing the zone players for audio play back. Insome embodiments, an application module 512 is configured to control theaudio sounds (e.g., volume) of the zone players in a zone group. Inoperation, when the microcontroller 506 executes one or more of theapplication modules 512, the screen driver 504 generates control signalsto drive the screen 502 to display an application specific userinterface accordingly.

The controller 500 includes a network interface 508 that facilitateswired or wireless communication with a zone player. In some embodiments,the commands such as volume control and audio playback synchronizationare sent via the network interface 508. In some embodiments, a savedzone group configuration is transmitted between a zone player and acontroller via the network interface 508. The controller 500 can controlone or more zone players, such as 102-124 of FIG. 1. There can be morethan one controller for a particular system, and each controller mayshare common information with another controller, or retrieve the commoninformation from a zone player, if such a zone player storesconfiguration data (e.g., such as a state variable). Further, acontroller can be integrated into a zone player.

It should be noted that other network-enabled devices such as anIPHONE®, IPAD® or any other smart phone or network-enabled device (e.g.,a networked computer such as a PC or MAC®) can also be used as acontroller to interact or control zone players in a particularenvironment. In some embodiments, a software application or upgrade canbe downloaded onto a network-enabled device to perform the functionsdescribed herein.

In certain embodiments, a user can create a zone group (also referred toas a bonded zone) including at least two zone players from thecontroller 500. The zone players in the zone group can play audio in asynchronized fashion, such that all of the zone players in the zonegroup play back an identical audio source or a list of identical audiosources in a synchronized manner such that no (or substantially no)audible delays or hiccups are to be heard. Similarly, in someembodiments, when a user increases the audio volume of the group fromthe controller 500, the signals or data of increasing the audio volumefor the group are sent to one of the zone players and causes other zoneplayers in the group to be increased together in volume.

A user via the controller 500 can group zone players into a zone groupby activating a “Link Zones” or “Add Zone” soft button, or de-grouping azone group by activating an “Unlink Zones” or “Drop Zone” button. Forexample, one mechanism for ‘joining’ zone players together for audioplay back is to link a number of zone players together to form a group.To link a number of zone players together, a user can manually link eachzone player or room one after the other. For example, assume that thereis a multi-zone system that includes the following zones: Bathroom,Bedroom, Den, Dining Room, Family Room, and Foyer.

In certain embodiments, a user can link any number of the six zoneplayers, for example, by starting with a single zone and then manuallylinking each zone to that zone.

In certain embodiments, a set of zones can be dynamically linkedtogether using a command to create a zone scene or theme (subsequent tofirst creating the zone scene). For instance, a “Morning” zone scenecommand can link the Bedroom, Office, and Kitchen zones together in oneaction. Without this single command, the user would manually andindividually link each zone. The single command may include a mouseclick, a double mouse click, a button press, a gesture, or some otherprogrammed action. Other kinds of zone scenes can be programmed.

In certain embodiments, a zone scene can be triggered based on time(e.g., an alarm clock function). For instance, a zone scene can be setto apply at 8:00 am. The system can link appropriate zonesautomatically, set specific music to play, and then stop the music aftera defined duration. Although any particular zone can be triggered to an“On” or “Off’ state based on time, for example, a zone scene enables anyzone(s) linked to the scene to play a predefined audio (e.g., afavorable song, a predefined playlist) at a specific time and/or for aspecific duration. If, for any reason, the scheduled music failed to beplayed (e.g., an empty playlist, no connection to a share, failedUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP), no Internet connection for an InternetRadio station, and so on), a backup buzzer can be programmed to sound.The buzzer can include a sound file that is stored in a zone player, forexample.

-   V. Example Ad-Hoc Network

Certain particular examples are now provided in connection with FIG. 6to describe, for purposes of illustration, certain systems and methodsto provide and facilitate connection to a playback network. FIG. 6 showsthat there are three zone players 602, 604 and 606 and a controller 608that form a network branch that is also referred to as an Ad-Hoc network610. The network 610 may be wireless, wired, or a combination of wiredand wireless. In general, an Ad-Hoc (or “spontaneous”) network is alocal area network or other small network in which there is generally noone access point for all traffic. With an established Ad-Hoc network610, the devices 602, 604, 606 and 608 can all communicate with eachother in a “peer-to-peer” style of communication, for example.Furthermore, devices may come/and go from the network 610, and thenetwork 610 will automatically reconfigure itself without needing theuser to reconfigure the network 610. While an Ad-Hoc network isreferenced in FIG. 6, it is understood that a playback network may bebased on a type of network that is completely or partially differentfrom an Ad-Hoc network.

Using the Ad-Hoc network 610, the devices 602, 604, 606, and 608 canshare or exchange one or more audio sources and be dynamically groupedto play the same or different audio sources. For example, the devices602 and 604 are grouped to playback one piece of music, and at the sametime, the device 606 plays back another piece of music. In other words,the devices 602, 604, 606 and 608, as shown in FIG. 6, form a HOUSEHOLDthat distributes audio and/or reproduces sound. As used herein, the termHOUSEHOLD (provided in uppercase letters to disambiguate from the user'sdomicile) is used to represent a collection of networked devices thatare cooperating to provide an application or service. An instance of aHOUSEHOLD is identified with a household 610 (or household identifier),though a HOUSEHOLD may be identified with a different area or place.

In certain embodiments, a household identifier (HHID) is a short stringor an identifier that is computer-generated to help ensure that it isunique. Accordingly, the network 610 can be characterized by a uniqueHHID and a unique set of configuration variables or parameters, such aschannels (e.g., respective frequency bands), SSID (a sequence ofalphanumeric characters as a name of a wireless network), and WEP keys(wired equivalent privacy or other security keys). In certainembodiments, SSID is set to be the same as HHID.

In certain embodiments, each HOUSEHOLD includes two types of networknodes: a control point (CP) and a zone player (ZP). The control pointcontrols an overall network setup process and sequencing, including anautomatic generation of required network parameters (e.g., WEP keys). Inan embodiment, the CP also provides the user with a HOUSEHOLDconfiguration user interface. The CP function can be provided by acomputer running a CP application module, or by a handheld controller(e.g., the controller 308) also running a CP application module, forexample. The zone player is any other device on the network that isplaced to participate in the automatic configuration process. The ZP, asa notation used herein, includes the controller 308 or a computingdevice, for example. In some embodiments, the functionality, or certainparts of the functionality, in both the CP and the ZP are combined at asingle node (e.g., a ZP contains a CP or vice-versa).

In certain embodiments, configuration of a HOUSEHOLD involves multipleCPs and ZPs that rendezvous and establish a known configuration suchthat they can use a standard networking protocol (e.g., IP over Wired orWireless Ethernet) for communication. In an embodiment, two types ofnetworks/protocols are employed: Ethernet 802.3 and Wireless 802.11g.Interconnections between a CP and a ZP can use either of thenetworks/protocols. A device in the system as a member of a HOUSEHOLDcan connect to both networks simultaneously.

In an environment that has both networks in use, it is assumed that atleast one device in a system is connected to both as a bridging device,thus providing bridging services between wired/wireless networks forothers. The zone player 606 in FIG. 6 is shown to be connected to bothnetworks, for example. The connectivity to the network 612 is based onEthernet and/or Wireless, while the connectivity to other devices 602,604 and 608 is based on Wireless and Ethernet if so desired.

It is understood, however, that in some embodiments each zone player606, 604, 602 may access the Internet when retrieving media from thecloud (e.g., Internet) via the bridging device. For example, zone player602 may contain a uniform resource locator (URL) that specifies anaddress to a particular audio track in the cloud. Using the URL, thezone player 602 may retrieve the audio track from the cloud, andultimately play the audio out of one or more zone players.

-   VI. Example System Configuration

FIG. 7 shows a system including a plurality of networks including acloud-based network and at least one local playback network. A localplayback network includes a plurality of playback devices or players,though it is understood that the playback network may contain only oneplayback device. In certain embodiments, each player has an ability toretrieve its content for playback. Control and content retrieval can bedistributed or centralized, for example. Input can include streamingcontent provider input, third party application input, mobile deviceinput, user input, and/or other playback network input into the cloudfor local distribution and playback.

As illustrated by the example system 700 of FIG. 7, a plurality ofcontent providers 720-750 can be connected to one or more local playbacknetworks 760-770 via a cloud and/or other network 710. Using the cloud710, a multimedia playback system 720 (e.g., Sonos™), a mobile device730, a third party application 740, a content provider 750 and so on canprovide multimedia content (requested or otherwise) to local playbacknetworks 760, 770. Within each local playback network 760, 770, acontroller 762, 772 and a playback device 764, 774 can be used toplayback audio content.

-   VII. Example Method for Volume Interactions of Connected Players

As discussed above, in a shared environment where multiple controllerscan control and configure multiple players dynamically, user accessrestrictions for an entire media playback system, a single listeningzone, and/or a listening zone group may be applied. For example, controlof the volume or volume ranges of the playback system, listening zone,and/or listening zone group, may be restricted to specific users,specific controllers, or specific devices in the system.

As shown in FIG. 1, an example system may include multiple playbackdevices and one or more controllers connected together in a local areanetwork (LAN). In such a configuration, volume limits for certainplayback devices or groups of playback devices during individual orgroup volume adjustments may be implemented. In one example, if a groupof players includes a player that is playing audio over headphones, amaximum player volume may be implemented such that the playback volumeof the player may be individually limited when a group playback volumefor the group of players is being adjusted. In another example, amaximum group volume may be implemented such that the group playbackvolume for the group of players may be limited at certain times of theday. For instance, the group playback volume for a group of players inthe patio listening zone, for example, may be limited between the hoursof 9:30 pm and 7:00 am so as not to disturb neighbors. In the followingdiscussions, and as applicable to earlier discussions, the phrase “groupvolume” may refer generally to a collective volume level of players in adefined group. For instance, the group volume of a group of players maybe defined as an average of respective volumes for each player in thegroup of players.

FIG. 8A shows an illustrative flow-chart for a first example method 800for volume interactions with a zone player, in accordance with at leastsome embodiments described herein. Method 800 shown in FIG. 8A presentsan embodiment of a method that could be used in the environment 100 withthe systems 200, 202, 204, 300, 400, and 500 for example, incommunication with a device, such as devices illustrated in FIGS. 2-5,components of the devices, or a calibration device described in afollowing section. Method 800 may include one or more operations,functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 802-808.Although the blocks are illustrated in a sequential order, these blocksmay also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order thanthose described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined intofewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based uponthe desired implementation.

In addition, for the method 800 and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of onepossible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, eachblock may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code,which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor forimplementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Theprogram code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, forexample, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. Thecomputer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readablemedium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores datafor short periods of time like register memory, processor cache andRandom Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may alsoinclude non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long termstorage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks,compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computerreadable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storagesystems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computerreadable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. Inaddition, for the method 800 and other processes and methods disclosedherein, each block in FIG. 8A may represent circuitry that is wired toperform the specific logical functions in the process.

At block 802, the method 800 involves applying a state variable updateassociated with a first playback device in a plurality of playbackdevices. As mentioned above, capabilities or functionalities of a playermay be represented by a state variable associated with the player. Thestate variable may be stored on the respective player or on a network,such as the cloud 710 of FIG. 7 discussed above. Further, the statevariable may be updated regularly, as the capabilities and thefunctionalities of the player may change dynamically over time.

In one example, the state variable update may indicate volume rangesassociated with the first playback device, including a device volumerange and a limited volume range. The device volume range may define therange of volumes the playback device is specified for as designed by themanufacturer, for example. The limited volume range may define a rangeof volume within the range of the device volume range, and may bedetermined by a user of the playback device. For instance, if a playeris located in an enclosed room smaller than an area the particularplayer was designed to render music in, the maximum playback volume ofthe player may be limited to for example, 8 out of 10 to maintainoptimal clarity when rendering audio content in the smaller room. Inthis case, the limited volume range may provide a “cap” on the playbackvolume. In other cases, the volume range may also provide a “floor” onthe playback volume, thus indicating a minimum playback volume.

In another example, the state variable update may further indicate oneor more time frames associated with the limited volume range. Forinstance, as suggested previously, a limited volume range may be appliedbetween certain hours of the day to avoid disturbing neighbors. In onecase, the limited volume range may be implemented for an entire systemand applied to the group volume. In another case, the limited volumerange may be implemented for subgroups of playback devices in the systemand applied to the respective device volumes. Further, different limitedvolume ranges may be implemented for different playback devices duringdifferent time frames as well. As illustrated previously, the groupplayback volume for a group of players in the patio listening zone, forexample, may be limited between the hours of 9:30 pm and 7:00 am so asnot to disturb neighbors.

In a further example, the state variable update may indicate one or moreplay modes of the first playback device associate with the limitedvolume range. For instance, the player may have a “regular mode” forregular playback through attached speakers and a “headphone mode” forplayback through headphones, such that different playback equalizationand maximum volume limits may be implemented for each play mode. In onecase, the system may be configured to limit the maximum volume to be 7out of 10 when in headphone mode. In another case, continuing with theprevious example of limiting the volume of the players in the patiolistening zone between certain hours, the system may be configured toreset the maximum volume of the patio listening zone to be 10 out of 10if headphones are present, even if the time is within the 9:30 pm to7:00 am time frame.

In either case, a state variable (e.g. GetHeadphoneConnected, forexample) may indicate the presence or absence of an attached headphone.In this case, the player may include an automatic headphone detectionmechanism to determine whether a headphone is present or absent, andsubsequently update the state variable to indicate the presence orabsence of headphones. In other words, as a headphone is attached orremoved from the player, the state variable GetHeadphoneConnected may bedynamically updated, and the play mode of the player may be modifiedaccording to the state variable. In a further example, the statevariable may further indicate information on the attached headphone, andthe limited volume range may be determined based on the information onthe attached headphone.

Referring back to block 802, applying the state variable updateassociated with the first playback device in the plurality of playbackdevices may further involve determining a validity of the state variableupdate, and applying the state variable update based on the validity ofthe state variable. In this case, determining the validity of the statevariable update may further involve determining a source of the statevariable update, For example, the modification of certain statevariables, such as that of a volume limit, may be restricted to certaincontrollers such that the certain state variables may be updated byaccessing the certain controllers. In another example, modification ofthe certain variables may be restricted to accessing a playback devicedirectly. In other words, a user may be required to physically andmanually access the playback device to adjust certain settings, therebyupdating the certain state variables. In one case, updating certainstale variables may require a combination of both accessing certaincontrollers and accessing the playback device directly.

In a further example, the modification of certain state variables may berestricted to specific users. In this case, determining the validity ofthe state variable update may involve sending a request for anindication of qualification, receiving an indication of qualification,and determining the validity of the state variable update based on theindication of qualification. In other words, when a user wishes tomodify a certain state variable, the system may prompt the user for apasscode to indicate qualifications of the user, and determine whetherto apply the state variable update based on the indicatedqualifications. In one case, the qualifications may be associated with auser account, which the user may access when controlling the system ofplayback devices. In another case, the qualifications may be associatedwith a passcode, such that users having separate user accounts mayqualify to modify certain state variables based on the passcode.

At block 804, the method 800 involves causing the plurality of playbackdevices to render audio content in synchrony. As previously discussed, auser may listen to audio content using one or more players having thecapabilities to be grouped together and render audio content in asynchronized fashion such that each of the players render audio contentfrom an (e.g., identical) audio source or a list of audio sources in asynchronized manner such that no (or substantially no) audible delays orechoes can be heard. Examples of grouped players may include a zonegroup (when two or more zones are grouped), zone scenes (when a zone orzone group is formed based upon a trigger), bonded zone (often furtherdistinguished as a zone having two or more players, a “paired player,”or “consolidated player”), and so on. In certain embodiments, playerscan be grouped and ungrouped dynamically, through a control interfacevia as a wireless controller, for example. Grouped players can befurther be grouped with other players and/or zone groups to create yetanother (i.e., nested) group of players.

As discussed above, a state variable associated with a player mayindicate capabilities or functionalities. In one example, the statevariable may indicate zone group affiliations of the player. In onecase, the state variable may further indicate zone capabilities orfunctionalities of the zone group, and/or each of the players in thezone group. For instance, for a “Home Theater” zone group with playersconfigured to render audio content as a unified 5.1 system, the statevariable associated with one of the players in the zone group mayindicate playback responsibilities of the respective player, as well asplayback responsibilities for each of the other players in the zonegroup.

At block 806, the method 800 involves receiving input data indicating agroup volume adjustment tor the plurality of playback devices. The groupvolume adjustment may be either an increase in group volume or adecrease in group volume. Further, the group volume adjustment mayindicate a substantially uniform volume adjustment for each player inthe respective group.

In one example, a user interface display may be provided to inform theuser of any play modes or volume limitations that may affect the user'sadjustment of the volume. For instance, a first volume scalerepresenting the limited volume range relative to a device volume rangeassociated with the first playback device may be provided. In one case,the user interface may be provided to the user when the user wishes toadjust a volume for one or more players via a controller, for example.In this case, the controller accessed by the user may retrieve statevariables indicating functionalities and capabilities of one or moreplayers, as discussed previously. The controller may then displayinformation for the one or more players on a display screen of thecontroller. Examples of displayed volume scales with limited volumeranges for different players or listening zones are provided anddiscussed below in connection to FIGS. 9A and 9B.

Further in this case, the input data indicating the group volumeadjustment may be received in a variety of different ways. For instance,if the controller included a touchscreen interface, the user may providethe group volume adjustment input by dragging a volume indicator alongthe one or more volume scales to adjust the volume. In another instance,if the controller has physical volume adjustment buttons (eitherindividual buttons or rocker buttons, for example), then the system maybe configured to receive the input data via the volume adjustmentbuttons.

Referring back to FIG. 8A, at block 808, the method 800 involves causinga playback volume of the first playback device to be adjusted based onthe group volume adjustment and the limited volume range. In oneexample, the group volume adjustment may involve the playback volume ofthe first playback device to be adjusted to a volume level within thelimited volume range. In this case, the playback volume of the firstplayback device may be adjusted according to group volume adjustment. Inanother example, the group volume adjustment may involve the playbackvolume of the first playback device to be adjusted to a volume levelbeyond the limited volume range. In this case, the playback volume ofthe first playback device may be adjusted to the maximum volume level ofthe limited volume range. In other words, the adjustment of the playbackvolume of the first playback device may be “capped” at the maximumvolume level of the limited volume range. An example implementation ofblock 808 is further discussed below in connection to FIG. 8B.

FIG. 8B shows an illustrative flow-chart for a second example method 850for volume interactions with a zone player, in accordance with at leastsome embodiments described herein. As shown, method 850 presents anembodiment of a method that could be used in the environment 100 withthe systems 200, 202, 204, 300, 400, and 500, for example. Method 850may include one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustratedby one or more of blocks 852-860. Although the blocks are illustrated ina sequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel,and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, thevarious blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided intoadditional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.As shown, blocks 852, 854, 858, and 860 are action blocks, and block 856is a decision block.

At action block 852, the method 850 involves applying a volumelimitation for a playback device, and at action block 854, the method850 involves receiving a group volume adjustment In one example, actionblock 852 may be implemented substantially the same as block 802 of themethod 800 shown in FIG. 8A, and action block 854 may be implementedsubstantially the same way as block 806 of the method 800 shown in FIG.8A. Accordingly, decision block 856, and action blocks 858 and 860 maybe implemented as block 808 of the method 800 shown in FIG. 8A.

At decision block 856, the method 850 involves determining whether thegroup volume adjustment, as applied to the playback device will resultin the playback volume of the device exceeding the volume limitation forthe playback device. If at decision block 856, a determination is madethat applying the group volume adjustment to the playback device willnot result in the playback volume of the playback device exceeding thevolume limitation of the playback device, the method 850 may thenproceed to action block 858, which may involve adjusting the playbackvolume of the playback device according to the group volume adjustment.

On the other hand, if at decision block 856, a determination is madethat applying the group volume adjustment to the playback device willresult in the playback volume of the device exceeding the volumelimitation of the playback device, the method 850 may then proceed toaction block 860, which may involve adjusting the playback volume of theplayback device to the maximum volume level within the volume limitationfor the playback device.

As previously discussed, the group volume adjustment may involve anincrease in group volume or a decrease in group volume. In practice, inthe case the group volume adjustment involves an increase in groupvolume from a volume level below the volume limitation of the playbackdevice, the playback volume of the playback device may be increased upuntil the maximum volume level within the volume limitation for theplayback device. In the case the group volume adjustment involves adecrease in group volume from a volume above the volume limitation forthe playback device, the playback volume of the playback device mayremain at the maximum volume level within the volume limitation for theplayback device until the group volume is decreased to a level below themaximum volume level.

-   VIII. Example User Interface for Volume Interactions of Connected    Players

As discussed previously, a user interface may be provided when a userwishes to adjust a volume for one or more players. In particular, agraphical display may be provided to inform the user of playbackcapabilities and functionalities of the player as well as any play modesor volume limitations that may affect the user's adjustment of thevolume. FIG. 9A shows an illustrative first view of a user interface 900for volume interactions with zone players. In one example, the userinterface 900 may be provided on a display on a controller by which theuser may be adjusting the volume. In one case, the information displayedon the user interface 900 may be based on state variables retrieved fromeach associated player directly, or from a cloud network, as mentionedpreviously. In this case, updated state variables for each associatedplayer may be retrieved each time a state variable has been updated.

As illustrated, the user interface 900 includes a group volume scale910, a bedroom volume scale 920, a patio volume scale 930, and a poolvolume scale 940. The bedroom volume scale 920 indicates the volumerange for the one or more players in a bedroom listening zone, the patiovolume scale 930 indicates the volume range for the one or more playersin a patio listening zone, and the pool volume scale 940 indicates thevolume range for the one or more players in a pool listening zone. Inthis case, the group volume scale 910 may represent the volume range forthe bedroom listening zone, the patio listening zone, and the poollistening zone as a collective group.

As shown, the group volume scale 910 may include a maximum volumeindicator 912 representing a volume limit of the group of listeningzones, a group status indicator 914 representing a group status of thegroup of listening zones, a volume indicator 916 representing a volumelevel of the group of listening zones, and a playback status indicator918 representing whether playback within the group of listening zones isnormal or muted. In this case, the group status indicator 914 mayindicate that a volume of the group is being adjusted upward, and theplayback status indicator 918 may indicate that the playback of thegroup is normal (i.e. not muted).

Also as shown, the bedroom volume scale 920 may include a maximum volumeindicator 922 representing a volume limit of the bedroom listening zone,a status indicator 924 representing a status of the bedroom listeningzone, a volume indicator 926 representing a volume level of the bedroomzone, and a playback status indicator 928 representing whether playbackwithin the bedroom listening zone is normal or muted. In this case, thestatus indicator 924 may indicate that a headphone is plugged into aplayer in the bedroom listening zone and the bedroom listening zone istherefore in a headphone mode. The status indicator 924 may be removedor modified if and when the headphone is removed. Further, the maximumvolume indicator 922 may indicate a volume limit lower than the maximumvolume capability of players in the bedroom listening zone. This may bea result of the bedroom listening zone being in headphone mode, forexample.

Further as shown, the patio volume scale 930 may also include a volumeindicator 936 representing a volume level of the patio listening zone,which may be consistent with the volume level of the group, and aplayback status indicator 938 representing that playback within thepatio listening zone is, for example, normal. Further, the pool patiovolume scale 940 may include a volume indicator 946 representing avolume level of the pool listening zone, which may be consistent withthe volume level of the group, and a playback status indicator 948representing that playback in the pool listening zone is, for example,muted. In such a case, the volume indicator 946 may still be providedsuch that the user may be aware of the volume of playback in the poollistening zone if the user wishes to unmute playback in the poollistening zone. In another case, the pool listening zone may be inactivebecause the pool is closed. In this case, a group status indicator (notshown) may be provided to indicate that the pool listening zone isinactive.

As discussed previously, a group volume of a group of players may bedefined as an average of respective volumes for each player in the groupof players. As such, while volume indicators 916, 926, 936, and 946 ofFIG. 9A may appear to indicate that audio playback in the bedroomlistening zone, the patio listening zone, and the pool listening zoneare at a same volume level, other embodiments may involve differentrespective playback volumes in the different listening zone. In suchembodiments, a corresponding group volume may be calculated as anaverage of the respective playback volumes.

FIG. 9B shows an illustrative second view of a user interface 950 forvolume interactions with zone players. In one example, the second viewof the user interface 950 may be a subsequent view of the user interface900 shown in FIG. 9A, after a group volume adjustment has been applied.As illustrated, the user interface 950 includes a group volume scale960, a bedroom volume scale 970, a patio volume scale 980, and a poolvolume scale 990. The bedroom volume scale 970 indicates the volumerange for the one or more players in a bedroom listening zone, the patiovolume scale 980 indicates the volume range for the one or more playersin a patio listening zone, and the pool volume scale 990 indicates thevolume range for the one or more players in a pool listening zone.Similar to group volume scale 910 of FIG. 9A, the group volume scale 960may represent the volume range for the bedroom listening zone, the patiolistening zone, and the pool listening zone as a collective group.

As shown, each of the volume scales 960, 970, 980, and 990 haveassociated volume indicators 966, 976, 986, and 996, respectively” Inthis case, the group volume indicator 966 may indicate that the groupvolume has been increased, and the respective playback volumes in thepatio listening zone and the pool listening zone have increasedaccordingly as represented by volume indicators the 986 and 996,respectively.

On the other hand, the volume indicator 976 may represent a playbackvolume in the bedroom listening zone capped by the volume limitation asrepresented by a maximum volume indicator 972, similar to the maximumvolume indicator 922 of FIG. 9A. In other words, the group volumeadjustment may not have been fully applied to the bedroom listeningzone, but rather, the volume adjustment may have only been applied asmuch as is allowed by the volume limitation as represented by themaximum volume indicator 972.

In one example, a user may be adjusting the bedroom listening zoneplayback volume via a touch screen interface by dragging the volumeindicator 976 along the volume scale 970. In one case, the volumeindicator may stop at the maximum volume indicator 972 as the user dragspast the maximum volume indicator. In another case, as shown, a sectionof the volume scale 970 may change color as the user drags the groupvolume indicator 966 beyond the maximum volume indicator 972 for thebedroom listening zone, indicating a volume difference between theadjusted group volume and the maximum volume of the bedroom listeningzone.

In another example, a notification may be provided on the user interface950 to inform the user when a maximum volume limit has been reached, orthat a certain player or listening zone did not fully apply the groupvolume adjustment due to the maximum volume limit. The notification mayfurther prompt the user to indicate whether the maximum volume limit isto be overridden or modified. In one case, this may require the user toprovide indication, such as entering a passcode to indicatequalifications or permission to override or modify the maximum volumelimit, as discussed above.

In a further example, maximum volume indicators such as the maximumvolume indicators 912, 922, or 972 may not be displayed on the userinterface until a respective maximum volume limit becomes relevant. Thatis, the maximum volume indicator may only appear on the user interfacewhen the maximum volume limit has been reached. In yet another example,the maximum volume indicator may be displayed or hidden based onsettings configurable by the user. Further, the user interface may beconfigured such that the user may toggle between displaying or hidingthe maximum volume indicator by preconfigured gestures such asdouble-tapping or other multi-touch gestures.

-   IX. Conclusion

As discussed above, in a shared environment where multiple controllerscan control and configure multiple players dynamically, user accessrestrictions for an entire media playback system, a single listeningzone, and/or a listening zone group may be applied. For example, controlof the volume or volume ranges of the playback system, listening zone,and/or listening zone group, may be restricted to specific users,specific controllers, or specific devices in the system.

In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may involve applying astate variable update associated with a first playback device in aplurality of playback devices. The state variable update may indicate alimited volume range associated with the first playback device. Themethod may further involve causing the plurality of playback devices torender audio content in synchrony, receiving input data indicating agroup volume adjustment for the plurality of playback devices, andcausing a playback volume of the first playback device to be adjustedbased on the group volume adjustment and the limited volume range.

In another aspect a system including a plurality of playback devices anda processor is provided. The processor may be configured to executeinstructions for applying a state variable update associated with afirst playback device in the plurality of playback devices. The statevariable update may indicate a limited volume range associated with thefirst playback device. The processor may further be configured toexecute instructions for causing the plurality of playback devices torender audio content in synchrony, receiving input data indicating agroup volume adjustment for the plurality of playback devices, andcausing a playback volume of the first playback device to be adjustedbased on the group volume adjustment and the limited volume range.

In a further aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium isprovided. The computer-readable medium has instructions stored thereonexecutable by a computing device to cause the computing device toperform functions involving applying a state variable update associatedwith a first playback device in a plurality of playback devices. Thestate variable update may indicate a limited volume range associatedwith the first playback device. The instructions may further cause thecomputing device to perform function involving causing the plurality ofplayback devices to render audio content in synchrony, receiving inputdata indicating a group volume adjustment for the plurality of playbackdevices, and causing a playback volume of the first playback device tobe adjusted based on the group volume adjustment and the limited volumerange.

The description discloses various example systems, methods, apparatus,and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmwareand/or software executed on hardware. However, such examples are merelyillustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, itis contemplated that any or all of these firmware, hardware, and/orsoftware components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusivelyin software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware,software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, while the following describesexample systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture, theexamples provided are not the only way(s) to implement such systems,methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.

Additionally, reference herein to “embodiment” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of theinvention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in thespecification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment,nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of otherembodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly andimplicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined withother embodiments.

The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrativeenvironments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, andother symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble theoperations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These processdescriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled inthe art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to othersskilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide athorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it isunderstood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of thepresent disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details.In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, andcircuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of thepresent disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than theforgoing description of embodiments.

When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely softwareand/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at leastone example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible mediumsuch as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the softwareand/or firmware.

1. A system comprising: a plurality of playback devices, wherein theplurality of playback devices comprises (i) a first playback devicecomprising a pair of headphones and (ii) one or more second playbackdevices, wherein at least one of the playback devices of the pluralityof playback devices comprises tangible, non-transitory,computer-readable media storing instructions executable by one or moreprocessors to cause the at least one of the playback devices of theplurality of playback devices to perform operations comprising:determining a presence of the first playback device; in response todetermining the presence of the first playback device, applying a firststate variable update associated with the plurality of playback devices,wherein the first state variable update indicates a limited volume rangeassociated with the plurality of playback devices; rendering audiocontent in synchrony with the plurality of playback devices; receivinginput data indicating a group volume adjustment for the plurality ofplayback devices; and adjusting a playback volume of the first playbackdevice based on the group volume adjustment and the limited volumerange.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations furthercomprise: determining an absence of the first playback device; and inresponse to determining the absence of the first playback device,applying a second state variable update associated with the plurality ofplayback devices, wherein the second state variable update indicates amaximum volume range associated with the plurality of playback devices.3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first state variable updateincludes information about the first playback device, and wherein thelimited volume range is based off of the information about the firstplayback device.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the operationsfurther comprise grouping the first playback device with the one or moresecond playback devices, wherein applying the first state variableupdate comprises applying the first state variable update after thegrouping.
 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising one or more thirdplayback devices, wherein the grouping comprises grouping the firstplayback device with the one or more third playback devices, and whereineach of the one or more second playback devices is associated with afirst channel and each of the one or more third playback devices isassociated with a second channel different than the first channel. 6.The system of claim 1, wherein the limited volume range comprises amaximum frequency, and wherein the maximum frequency is below mid-rangefrequency and treble frequency components of the audio content.
 7. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the first state variable update furtherindicates one or more of (i) a playback device play mode associated withthe limited volume range, and (ii) a time frame associated with thelimited volume range.
 8. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readablemedium having stored thereon program instructions executable by one ormore processors to cause at least one playback device of a plurality ofplayback devices to perform a method comprising: determining a presenceof a first playback device, wherein the first playback device comprisesa pair of headphones; in response to determining the presence of thefirst playback device, applying a first state variable update associatedwith the plurality of playback devices, wherein the plurality ofplayback devices comprises (i) the first playback device and (ii) one ormore second playback devices, and wherein the first state variableupdate indicates a limited volume range associated with the plurality ofplayback devices; rendering audio content in synchrony with theplurality of playback devices; receiving input data indicating a groupvolume adjustment for the plurality of playback devices; and adjusting aplayback volume of the first playback device based on the group volumeadjustment and the limited volume range.
 9. The tangible, non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the method furthercomprises: determining an absence of the first playback device; and inresponse to determining the absence of the first playback device,applying a second state variable update associated with the plurality ofplayback devices, wherein the second state variable update indicates amaximum volume range associated with the plurality of playback devices.10. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8,wherein the first state variable update includes information about thefirst playback device, and wherein the limited volume range is based offof the information about the first playback device.
 11. The tangible,non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the methodfurther comprises grouping the first playback device with the one ormore second playback devices, wherein applying the first state variableupdate comprises applying the first state variable update after thegrouping.
 12. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein the plurality of playback devices further comprisesone or more third playback devices, wherein the grouping comprisesgrouping the first playback device with the one or more third playbackdevices, and wherein each of the one or more second playback devices isassociated with a first channel and each of the one or more thirdplayback devices is associated with a second channel different than thefirst channel.
 13. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 8, wherein the limited volume range comprises a maximumfrequency, and wherein the maximum frequency is below mid-rangefrequency and treble frequency components of the audio content.
 14. Thetangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, whereinthe first state variable update further indicates one or more of (i) aplayback device play mode associated with the limited volume range, and(ii) a time frame associated with the limited volume range.
 15. A methodcomprising: determining a presence of a first playback device, whereinthe first playback device comprises a pair of headphones; in response todetermining the presence of the first playback device, applying a firststate variable update associated with a plurality of playback devices,wherein the plurality of playback devices comprises (i) the firstplayback device and (ii) one or more second playback devices, andwherein the first state variable update indicates a limited volume rangeassociated with the plurality of playback devices; rendering audiocontent in synchrony with the plurality of playback devices; receivinginput data indicating a group volume adjustment for the plurality ofplayback devices; and adjusting a playback volume of the first playbackdevice based on the group volume adjustment and the limited volumerange.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining anabsence of the first playback device; and in response to determining theabsence of the first playback device, applying a second state variableupdate associated with the plurality of playback devices, wherein thesecond state variable update indicates a maximum volume range associatedwith the plurality of playback devices.
 17. The method of claim 15,wherein the first state variable update includes information about thefirst playback device, and wherein the limited volume range is based offof the information about the first playback device.
 18. The method ofclaim 15, further comprising grouping the first playback device with theone or more second playback devices, wherein applying the first statevariable update comprises applying the first state variable update afterthe grouping.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality ofplayback devices further comprises one or more third playback devices,wherein the grouping comprises grouping the first playback device withthe one or more third playback devices, and wherein each of the one ormore second playback devices is associated with a first channel and eachof the one or more third playback devices is associated with a secondchannel different than the first channel.
 20. The method of claim 15,wherein the first state variable update further indicates one or more of(i) a playback device play mode associated with the limited volumerange, and (ii) a time frame associated with the limited volume range.